Which term denotes large public baths in ancient Rome?

The term "thermae" specifically refers to the large public baths that were an important part of Roman social and cultural life. These impressive structures were designed not only for bathing but also for socializing, exercising, and relaxing. Thermae typically included various facilities such as hot baths (caldarium), warm baths (tepidarium), and cold baths (frigidarium), along with additional amenities like gyms and gardens. The scale and complexity of these baths reflected Roman engineering prowess and the value they placed on public hygiene and leisure.

In contrast, "balneae" refers to smaller, private baths that were less elaborate than thermae. The "hypocaust" was a system used for heating the baths, while a "laconicum" was a type of sweating room, similar to a sauna. Thus, when discussing the large-scale bathing facilities in ancient Rome, "thermae" is the most accurate term.