Which temple was dedicated to the sacred hearth?

The temple dedicated to the sacred hearth is the Temple of Vesta. This temple holds particular importance in Roman religion, as it was the site where the sacred flame was maintained by the Vestal Virgins, priestesses who served the goddess Vesta, the protector of the hearth and home. The eternal flame symbolized the continuity and security of the city, and its maintenance was considered critical for Rome's well-being.

The architecture of the Temple of Vesta is also notable; it is circular in shape, which is unique compared to many other Roman temples, emphasizing its connection to the idea of permanence and the cyclical nature of time in relation to domestic life and civic duty. The role of the sacred hearth was vital, as it represented not only the physical space within the home but also the spiritual center of Roman families.

While other options pertain to different deities and functions—such as the Regia associated with the king's residence and the Temple of Aesculapius linked to health—the Temple of Vesta distinctly focuses on the hearth, making it the correct answer.