What is the Latin word for a standard or banner typically carried into battle?

The Latin word for a standard or banner typically carried into battle is "vexillum." This term specifically refers to the military standard used by Roman legions and other units. The vexillum usually consisted of a cloth attached to a crossbar and held on a pole, serving as a rallying point for soldiers during combat.

The other terms have distinct meanings within a military context. "Aquila" refers to the eagle standard, which was a significant emblem of a Roman legion and symbolized the honor and pride of the unit. "Signum" refers to a sign or signal, often used more generally for indicators in battle, such as banners or other symbols of commands or formations, but does not specifically denote a battle standard. "Banderet" is a term related to a smaller flag or banner, often used in heraldry, but it does not carry the same heavy military significance as "vexillum."

Understanding these distinctions highlights the specific role of the vexillum within the structure and identity of the Roman military.